Pono e mālama nui ʻia ka pilikia corrosion o ke keleawe keleawe (ka hoʻolei keleawe).

He ʻike maʻamau e hiki ke ʻino nā metala. Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ke kaiapuni, hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōʻino luku e nā hopena kemika a i ʻole electrochemical. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaneʻane e loaʻa i nā huahana metala kekahi mau ʻano o ka corrosion i kekahi kaiapuni, a ʻo nā pahu keleawe kekahi mau huahana metala. Ma keʻano maʻamau,ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale i kaʻino metala. He ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka corrosion inā ʻokoʻa ke kaiapuni a me ka manawa hoʻohana. He pili pū kekahi me ka mea. ʻO ka hao ka mea maʻalahi i ka ʻino, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kumu keleawe. ʻO nā lāʻau keleawe keleawe ka ʻoi loa ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a hiki ke hana ma nā wahi ʻawaʻawa a me ka alkaline.

Nui nā ʻoihana hoʻohaumia e like me ke kila, nā petrochemical, a me ka hana ʻana i ka mana wela. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā kaʻa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o ke kinoea exhaust, e hoʻopiha ana i ka ea me ka corrosive sulfide a me nā kinoea nitride a me nā ʻāpana, ʻo ia nā kumu nui o ka corrosion o nā mea hao. Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka haumia o ke kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻino o ka metala e like me ka copper bushings, copper nuts and screws, bolts, structural steel and pipelines e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻia, e hoʻonui ana i ke kaumaha a me ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻoihana hana ma nā pae like ʻole.